SIDARTHa GLOSSARY
The SIDARTHa Glossary is compiled to support the work of the project consortium and to generate a common understanding and language among the project participants and all interested stakeholders. It contains terms and definitions used in the SIDARTHa project. The definitions were derived by a systematic internet search and only from accredited sources in the fields of public health, epidemiology, emergency care, emergency preparedness and related fields. The specificity of the project and therefore the glossary is bridging different disciplines, mainly emergency medical care and public health. This explains that some terms have two meanings as they are used in these two different disciplines. The glossary can contain more than one definition per term. In general, the definitions were ranked/selected by usefulness for the SIDARTHa context and by source (1. World Health Organization, 2. European Union, 3. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 4. Worldbank, 5. Governmental bodies, universities and scientific/ professional groups).
The
SIDARTHa glossary is continuously updated throughout the project
time.
Please give reference to the SIDARTHa project group if you use terms from this glossary.
Download: SIDARTHa Glossary (March 2010) (pdf 380 KB)
Status: March 2010
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZA
Active
surveillance
The dynamic seeking of
data from participants in the surveillance system on a regular basis.
[1]
Acceptability
The acceptability of a
surveillance
system for early outbreak detection is reflected by the willingness of
participants and stakeholders to contribute to the data collection and
analysis. [2]
Advanced Life Support (ALS)
Medical interventions
used to treat
victims of respiratory and/or cardiac emergencies and stroke, including
invasive techniques such as intubation and administration of
drugs. [3] (Definitions
of the European
Emergency Data Project Glossary are also based on [4] and [7] but
selected for and/or adjusted to the European context.)
Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS)
Medically-approved,
unified system
used by medical dispatch centres to dispatch appropriate aid to medical
emergencies, which includes: 1. Standardized caller interrogation; 2.
Standardized Pre-Arrival Instructions (Dispatch Life Support); 3.
Protocols for the dispatcher’s evaluation of the injury or
illness type and severity Includes a program of total quality
management and a standards maintaining process. The system was created
by Dr. Jeff J. Clawson and is now maintained/approved by the National
Academies of Emergency Dispatch, USA. [4, changed by SIDARTHa
consortium]
Agent
A factor (e.g., a
microorganism or
chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive
presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is
essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health
outcome. [5]
Avian influenza (or avian flu/bird flu)
A highly contagious
viral disease,
with up to 100% mortality in domestic fowl, caused by influenza A virus
subtypes H5 and H7. All types of birds are susceptible to the virus,
but outbreaks occur most often in chickens and turkeys. The infection
may be carried by migratory wild birds, which can carry the virus but
show no signs of disease. Humans are only rarely affected. [6]
B
bias
A systematic deviation
of results or
inferences from the truth or processes leading to such systematic
deviation; any systematic tendency in the collection, analysis,
interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to
conclusions that are systematically different from the truth. In
epidemiology, does not imply intentional deviation. [5]
Bioterrorism
The intentional use of
micro-organisms, toxins, genetic material or substances derived from
living organisms to produce death or disease in humans, animals, or
plants. [6]
C
Call
A request for
assistance that
activates the emergency medical service system. It may come through a
variety of mechanisms: voice, regular telephone, [emergency telephone
number] (Squared brackets within the definitions are included by the
authors of the SIDARTHa glossary as adjustment to the citation of the
original definition to the SIDARTHa context.), radio, telefax. [7]
Case
A person in the
population
identified as having a particular disease, health disorder, or
condition under surveillance or investigation. [6]
An instance of a
particular disease,
injury, or other health conditions that meets selected criteria
[…]. Using the term to describe the person rather than the
health condition is discouraged […]. [5]
Case definition
The criteria that
describe a case (i.e. patient) under surveillance or investigation. [6]
A set of uniformly
applied criteria
for determining whether a person should be identified as having a
particular disease, injury, or other health condition. In epidemiology,
particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies
clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. [5]
Cause of disease
A factor (e.g.,
characteristic,
behavior, or event) that directly influences the occurrence of a
disease. Reducing such a factor among a population should reduce
occurrence of the disease. [5]
CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear) event
The intentional use of
microorganisms, toxins, genetic material, radioactive material or
chemical substances to produce death or disease in humans, animals, or
plants. [6]
Chief complaint
Reason the patient is
seeking
medical care (in some cases only the mechanism of injury). It must
contain sufficient information to allow categorization […].
[4]
Computer-aided dispatch (CAD)
The process of
directing EMS resources to caller locations with the assistance of
electronic data concerning system status. [7]
Public safety computer
systems often
linked to universal emergency service number systems that manage
various functions of call-reception, unit status and resource
deployment. Also referred to as command and control device. [4]
Confounding
The distortion of the
association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third
variable that is related to both. [5]
Costs
Direct costs [of a
surveillance
system] include the fees paid for software and data, the personnel
salary and support expenses (e.g., training, equipment support, and
travel), and other resources needed to operate the system and produce
information for public health decisions (e.g. office supplies, Internet
and telephone lines, and other communication equipment). Fixed costs
for running the system should be differentiated from the variable costs
of responding to system alarms. Variable costs include the cost of
follow-up activities (e.g., for diagnosis, case-management, or
community interventions). The cost of responding to false alarms
represents a variable but inherent inefficiency of an early detection
system that should be accounted for in the evaluation. Similarly,
variable costs include the financial and public health costs of missing
outbreaks entirely or recognizing them late. […] Cost
savings
should be estimated by assessing the impact of prevention and control
efforts (e.g., health-care costs and productivity losses averted). [2]
Crisis
An unstable or crucial
time or state
of affairs in which a decisive change is impending, especially one
where a highly undesirable outcome is distinctly possible. [6]
Cluster
The occurrence of an
unusual number of cases in persons, places, or time. [1]
An aggregation of cases
of a
disease, injury, or other health condition […] in a
circumscribed area during a particular period without regard to whether
the number of cases is more than expected (often the expected number is
not known). [5]
D
Data quality
Data quality reflects
the completeness and validity of the data recorded in the public health
surveillance system. [8]
Disaster
A serious disruption of
the
functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the ability of
the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. [6]
A situation in which
the severity of
damage or the number of patients exceeds the ability to provide
immediate management. Also called catastrophic event. [7]
Disease
The IHR (2005) define
“disease” very broadly, as “an illness or
medical
condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could
present significant harm to humans”; this term hence covers
diseases of biological, chemical or radio–nuclear origin. [9]
Distribution
In epidemiology, the
frequency and
pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population.
In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of
a variable. [5]
E
Early
warning systems
These include three
primary elements:
1. Forecasting
impending events
2. Processing and
dissemination of warnings to political authorities and populations
3. Undertaking
appropriate and timely action.
[6]
Emergency (Emergency Care)
A combination of
circumstances resulting in a need for immediate medical intervention.
[3]
Emergency (Public Health)
A sudden occurrence
demanding
immediate action, which may arise as a result of epidemics, natural or
technological catastrophes, civil strife, or other
human–generated causes. [6]
Emergency Department (ED)
An area of the hospital
dedicated to
offering emergency medical evaluation and initial treatment to
individuals in need of emergency care. [3]
Emergency Medical
Dispatch Centre (EMD)
Any agency that
routinely accepts
calls for emergency medical assistance from public and/or that
dispatches prehospital emergency medical personnel pursuant to such
request. [3]
Emergency
Medical Services (EMS)
A collective term
describing the
many agencies, personnel, and institutions involved in planning for,
providing and monitoring emergency care. Frequently refers only to
prehospital care. [3]
Emergency Medical Services System
The arrangement of
personnel,
facilities and equipment for the effective and coordinated delivery of
EMS required in the prevention and management of incidents which occur
either as a result of a medical emergency or of an accident, natural
disaster or similar situation. [3]
Emergency Physician (EP)
Pre-hospital emergency
physicians
treat patients with life-threatening conditions at the scene and during
transport. The emergency physician has a specific training in emergency
medicine that ranges from advanced trainings to a a full specialization
in emergency medicine.[SIDARTHa Consortium]
Endemic
The constant presence
of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or
population; can also refer to the usual
prevalence of an agent
or condition. [5]
Epidemic
The occurrence of more
cases of
disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given
area or among a specific group of persons during a particular period.
Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related
to one another in some way (see also outbreak). [5]
Epidemic Intelligence
Epidemic intelligence
encompasses
all activities related to the early identification of potential health
hazards that may represent a risk to health, and their verification,
assessment and investigation so that appropriate public health control
measures can be recommended.
The scope of Epidemic
Intelligence includes risk monitoring and risk assessment and does not
include risk management. [10]
Epidemiologist
A professional skilled
in disease
investigation. Epidemiologists design and conduct epidemiological
studies, analyze data to detect patterns and trends in disease,
establish and maintain surveillance systems, monitor health status, and
evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of public health
programme. [6]
Epidemiology
The study of the
distribution and
determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the
application of that study to control health problems. [5]
Event (Emergency Care)
A prehospital
occurrence, generally considered by an observer or patient to require
emergency medical service assistance. [7]
Event (Public Health)
Manifestation of
disease or an occurrence that creates a potential for disease. [9]
Event based surveillance
Refers to unstructured
data gathered from sources of intelligence of any nature. [10]
Exposure
Having come into
contact with a
cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a
particular health problem. [5]
F
False-negative
A negative test result
for a person
who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease
(perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or
a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. [5]
False-positive
A positive test result
for a person
who actually does not have the condition. Similarly, a person who does
not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a
patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance
system. [5]
Flexibility
The flexibility of a
surveillance system refers to the system’s ability to change
as needs change. [2]
A flexible public
health
surveillance system can adapt to changing information needs or
operating conditions with little additional time, personnel, or
allocated funds. [8]
G
Generic
Preparedness
Involve not only
medical
counter-measures, such as diagnosis, isolation and treatment of cases
and the administration of vaccines and prophylactic drugs to at-risk
groups and the population at large, but also public order measures,
such as restriction of movement and border controls, the closing down
of premises and the cordoning off of specific areas, civil protection
measures such as rescue operations, the provision of food, water,
shelter and other essential items, market and trade measures concerning
food, animals, plants and goods, as well as external affairs measures
concerning their nationals abroad and international cooperation to help
stopping the spread of diseases or pathogens. Most importantly,
infrastructures and equipment and materials must be in place and
benefit from proper protection, whereas the persons with duties in the
implementation of plans must be trained and be protected through
appropriate personal and collective means to do their job properly. [11]
Geographic Information System (GIS)
A geographic
information system
integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing,
analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced
information. GIS allows […] to view, understand, question,
interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships,
patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.
[12]
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Clinical score used to
evaluate the neurological situation. [3]
H
Hazard
A potentially damaging
physical
event or phenomenon and/or human activity which may cause loss of life
or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, and/or
environmental degradation. [6]
Highest Priority Response (HPR)
The situation in which
the dispatch
centre selects a unit that can provide the higher level of care in a
specific emergency medical service, despite the unit they send. [3]
I
Incidence
A measure of the
frequency with
which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs
among a population during a specified period. [5]
Incident
A situation occurring
during a
planned event that requires a response by the relevant authorities.
Incidents may result in injury, illness, death, or the need for law
enforcement or other response agency action. [6]
Indicator based surveillance
Structured data
collected through routine surveillance systems. [10]
International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR 2005)
The international legal
agreement, binding upon 194 states parties throughout the world, to
prevent, control and respond to
international spread of
disease. [6]
Infectious disease
An illness due to a
specific
infectious agent or its toxic products that arises through transmission
of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal, or
reservoir to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly through
an intermediate plant or animal host vector, or inanimate environment.
[1]
J
K
L
Laboratory
surveillance
Surveillance where the
starting
point is the identification or isolation of a particular organism in a
laboratory (for example, surveillance of salmonellosis). [1]
M
Mandatory surveillance
A surveillance where
participants
must report to the system. Notifiable diseases are one example of a
mandatory system where reporting is mandated by law. In another
example, health authorities may require that all public laboratories
report specified diseases. This is usually not by law, but is linked to
their contractual duties. [1]
Mainz Emergency Evaluation Score (MEES)
A clinical score
specifically designed for prehospital care. Useful in medical and
trauma patients. [3]
Mass Casualty Incidents
Situations in which
demands of care
are bigger than the resources. Usually other social structures are
affected like communications, transport, security etc. [3]
Mass gathering (or mass gathering event)
A gathering of persons
usually
defined as “more than a specified number of persons (which
may be
as few as 1000 persons although much of the available literature
describes gatherings exceeding 25 000 persons1) at a specific location
for a specific purpose (a social function, large public event or sports
competition) for a defined period of time”. In the context of
this document, an organised or unplanned event can be classified as a
mass gathering if the number of people attending is sufficient to
strain the planning and response resources of the community, state or
nation hosting the event. [6]
Morbidity
Disease; any departure,
subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological
health and well-being. [5]
Mortality rate
A measure of the
frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a
specified time interval. [5]
N
Notifiable
disease
A disease that must be
reported to the authorities by law or ministerial decree. [1]
A disease that, by law,
must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. [5]
O
Outbreak
The occurrence of more
cases of
disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given
area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period.
Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related
to one another in some way. Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as
more localized, or the term less likely to evoke public panic
[…]. [5]
Used synonymously with
“epidemic”, usually to indicate localized as
opposed to generalized pandemics. [6]
The occurrence of two
or more linked cases of a communicable disease. [1]
P
Pandemic
A worldwide outbreak of
a disease in humans in numbers clearly in excess of normal. [6]
An epidemic occurring
over a
widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually
affecting a substantial proportion of the population. [5]
Passive surveillance
Surveillance where
reports are awaited and no attempt made to actively seek reports from
the participants in the system. [1]
Portability
The portability of a
surveillance system addresses how well the system could be duplicated
in another setting. [2]
Predictive value negative (PVN)
Reflects the
probability that no outbreak is occurring when the system does not
yield a signal. [2]
Predictive value positive (PVP)
The proportion of cases
identified
by a test, reported by a surveillance system, or classified by a case
definition that are true cases, calculated as the number of
true-positives divided by the number of true-positives plus
false-positives. [5]
Reflects the
probability of a system signal being an outbreak. [2]
Preparedness (e.g. for outbreak, crisis, disaster)
Arrangements to ensure
that, should
a situation occur, all necessary resources (e.g. financial, human,
technical), expertise and services that may be required to cope with
the effects of that situation can be mobilized rapidly and deployed
(includes the issuing of effective early warnings and the temporary
removal of people and property from threatened locations). [6]
Prevalence
The number or
proportion of cases or events or attributes among a given population.
[5]
Prevention
Activities to provide
outright
avoidance of the adverse impact of hazards and the means to minimize
related environmental, technological and biological disasters. [6]
Prospective study
An analytic study in
which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest
has occurred. [5]
Paramedic
An individual trained
and licensed to perform advanced life support procedures under the
direction of a physician. [3]
Q
R
Representativeness
A public health
surveillance system
that is representative accurately describes the occurrence of a
health-related event over time and its distribution in the population
by place and person. [8]
Response (Emergency Care)
Unit mobilisation to a
destination as result of a call. [3]
Response (Public Health)
Actions taken before,
during and
immediately after the occurrence of a disaster, to ensure that the
effects of that disaster are minimized and people are given immediate
relief and support. [6]
Response Time Interval
Time interval from the
call is
received in the dispatch centre to arrival of the ambulance on scene,
specifically to patient contact. This interval reflects the system
response capability. [3]
Retrospective study
An analytic study in
which
participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has
occurred. Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. [5]
Risk
The probability of
harmful
consequences or expected losses (deaths, injuries, damage to property
and livelihoods, disruption of economic activity and environmental
damage, etc.) resulting from interactions between natural or
human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. Risk = hazard x
vulnerability) [6]
The probability that an
event will
occur (e.g., that a person will be affected by, or die from, an
illness, injury, or other health condition within a specified time or
age span). [5]
Risk assessment
The process used to
determine risk
management priorities by evaluating and comparing given levels of risk
to pre-determined standards, target risk levels, or other criteria. [6]
Risk communication
The interactive
exchange of information and opinions concerning hazards and risks and
risk-related factors. [6]
Risk management
A systematic approach
to
identifying, addressing and reducing risks of all kinds associated with
hazards and human activities. Risk management is divided into risk
assessment, risk communications and risk preparedness/response. [6]
Routine (emergency) data
Data collected as
byproducts of clinical care by the clinician and as an integral part of
the process of care. [13]
S
Scene
Geographical area where
the [emergency] event occurred. [7]
Service Area
Geographical definition
of the area in which an emergency medical service is providing service.
[3]
Sensitivity
The sensitivity of a
surveillance
system can be considered on two levels. First, at the level of case
reporting, sensitivity refers to the proportion of cases of a disease
(or other health-related event) detected by the surveillance system
(43: Weinstein MC, Fineberg HV. Clinical decision analysis.
Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1980:84--94.) ). Second, sensitivity
can refer to the ability to detect outbreaks, including the
ability to monitor changes in the number of cases over time. [8]
Sentinel surveillance
A surveillance system
in which a
pre-arranged sample of reporting sources agrees to report all cases of
one or more notifiable conditions. [6]
Simplicity
The simplicity of a
public health
surveillance system refers to both its structure and ease of operation.
Surveillance systems should be as simple as possible while still
meeting their objectives. [8]
Specificity
The ability of a test,
case
definition, or surveillance system to exclude persons without the
health condition of interest; the proportion of persons without a
health condition that are correctly identified as such by a screening
test, case definition, or surveillance system. [5]
Stability
The stability of a
surveillance system refers to its resilience to system changes. [2]
Stability refers to the
reliability
(i.e., the ability to collect, manage, and provide data properly
without failure) and availability (the ability to be operational when
it is needed) of the public health surveillance system. [8]
Standard deviation
A statistical summary
of how
dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as
the square root of the variance. [5]
Surveillance
The systematic ongoing
collection,
collation and analysis of data for public health purposes and the
timely dissemination of public health information for assessment and
public health response as necessary. [9]
Syndrome
A combination of
symptoms
characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a
health condition without a clear cause (e.g., chronic fatigue
syndrome). [5]
Syndromic Surveillance
Surveillance using
health-related
data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a
case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response. [14]
An investigational
approach where
health department staff, assisted by automated data acquisition and
generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators
continually (real-time) or at least daily (near real-time) to detect
outbreaks of diseases earlier and more completely than might otherwise
be possible with traditional public health methods. [2]
The use of
health–related data
based on clinical observations rather than laboratory confirmation of
diagnoses. Such data can be used to signal sufficient probability of a
case or outbreak to warrant further public health response. [6]
(1) the monitoring of
the frequency
of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given
population without regard to the specific diagnoses, if any, that are
assigned to them by clinicians. (2) A system for early detection of
outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated
acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer
generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators,
particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic
and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks
earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health
methods. [5]
T
Timeliness
The timeliness of
surveillance
approaches for outbreak detection is measured by the lapse of time from
exposure to the disease agent to the initiation of a public health
intervention. [2]
Timeliness reflects the
speed between steps in a public health surveillance system. [8]
Triage
To assign victims a
priority for
care and transport based on the degree of injury and the individual
salvageability in a given situation. [3]
U
Usefulness
A surveillance system
is useful for
outbreak detection depending on its contribution to the early detection
of outbreaks of public health significance that leads to an effective
intervention. [2]
V
Validity
The degree to which a
measurement,
questionnaire, test, or study or any other data-collection tool
measures what it is intended to measure. [6]
Variable
Any characteristic or
attribute that can be measured and can have different values. [5]
Vulnerability
The degree to which a
community is
susceptible to hazards. This is the result of physical, social,
economic and environmental factors. [6]
W
X
Y
Z
Zero
reporting
The reporting of zero
cases when the
participant has detected no cases. This allows the next level of the
system to be sure that the participant has not sent incomplete or lost
data. [1]
References
[1] Garcia-Abreu A, Halperin W, Danel I
2002. Public
Health Surveillance Toolkit. A guide for busy task managers. World
Bank, Washington.
[2] Buehler JW, Hopkins RS, Overhage JM,
Sosin DM,
Tong V 2004. Framework for evaluating public health surveillance
systems for early detection of outbreaks: recommendations from the CDC
Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep 53(RR-5): 1-11.
[3] Krafft T, Fischer M,
García
Castrillo-Riesgo L, Lippert F, Overton J, Robertson-Steel I 2006:
Health Monitoring & Benchmarking of European EMS Systems:
Components, Indicators, Recommendations. Project Report to the European
Emergency Data Project: EMS Data-based Health Surveillance System. DG
SANCO AGREEMENT NUMBER SPC.2002299. European Emergency Data Project,
Cologne. Download: http://www.eed-network.eu/html/publications_eed.htm
[4] Clawsen JJ, Dernocoeur KB 2006.
Principles of
Emergency Medical Dispatch. 3rd edition. Priority Press, Salt Lake City.
[5] Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (ed)
2006: Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice. 3rd
edition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
[6] World Health Organization (ed) 2008.
Communicable
disease alert and response for mass gatherings. Key considerations.
World Health Organization, Geneva.
[7] Kuehl AE (ed) 2002. Prehospital
Systems and Medical Oversight. 3rd edition. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque.
[8] German RR, Lee LM, Horan JM, Milstein
RL,
Pertowski CA, Waller MN; Guidelines Working Group Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) 2001. Updated guidelines for evaluating
public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines
Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep. 50(RR-13): 1-35.
[9] World Health Organization 2005.
Fifty-eighth
World Health Assembly, Resolution WHA58.3: revision of the
International Health Regulations.
[10] Paquet C, Coulombier D, Kaiser R,
Ciotti M
2006. Epidemic intelligence: a new framework for strengthening disease
surveillance in Europe. Euro Surveill 11(12).
[11] Commission of the European
Communities 2005.
Communication from the Commission to the Council, The European
Parliament, The European Economic And Social Committee and The
Committee Of The Regions on strengthening coordination on generic
preparedness planning for public health emergencies at EU level.
COM(2005) 605 final.
[12] Environmental Systems Research
Institute 2009.
What is GIS? Overview. http://www.esri.com/what-is-gis/index.html
[13] Williams J G 1995. Making routine
data adequate
to support clinical audit. “Routine” is
inadequately
defined. BMJ. 1995 March 11; 310(6980): 665–666.
[14] Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention 2008.
Syndromic Surveillance: an Applied Approach to Outbreak Detection.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/nndss/syndromic.htm
1 Definitions of the European Emergency Data Project Glossary are also
based on [4] and [7] but selected for and/or adjusted to the European
context.
2 Squared brackets within the definitions are included by the authors
of the SIDARTHa glossary as adjustment to the citation of the original
definition to the SIDARTHa context.
© SIDARTHa 2010